Utopia and Il Muqaddimah Essay - 599 Words

Utopia and Il Muqaddimah both show the importance of families and social groups in the civilization they live in. Utopian families all have an equal role in the cities they live in; they are a microcosm of their city and its objective to survive; however, in Il Muqaddimah the subjects have the responsibility to help the ruler prosper. Utopians work and in return share what they earn, while subjects work for their survival. Utopians all have an equal work load and subjects hardships depend on their social status both situations lead to prosperity. Utopians work for the commonwealth and in result no one worries about hunger or payment, â€Å"products of each household are taken to designated houses there and each kind of goods is separately†¦show more content†¦Utopians have balance and this causes harmony, while subjects and rulers must know and not step out of their roles because it would lead to downfall. Utopians all have an equal work load this is very common in families ; the husband works and brings in money while the wife stays home and keeps the house and children in order, the children provide a job for the wife and in time will help their mother. This is all equal work because the without the husband there would be no food, without the wife the house would become chaotic, and without children the wife would have nothing to keep her busy which results in laziness and no prosper, â€Å"if all those who work away at pointless tasks and, together with them, that whole crowd of lazy, languid idlers, if they all were put to work-and useful work at that- you can easily see how little time would be enough to produce all thee goods required for human needs† (More 1711). This highlights the importance of work, without everyone pulling their own weight others suffer and must work twice as hard instead of harmonically. Rulers have an important job that promises prosperity to their territory. This job requires them to provide hope to subjects, becau se without hope people began to fall apart and no longer desire the will to succeed

Some cultures have contributed to colorist beliefs that...

Some cultures have contributed to colorist beliefs that light hair and blue eyes are the standard for beauty. People who fall victim to this altered view have gone as far as skin bleaching and extreme poisonous routes which have contributed to the deaths of women trying to stay in trend. Countries such as India victimize females with favor placed on lighter skin. Africa is a predominantly dark skinned continent that has taken up the fair skin death trap; a country that should be praising rich cocoa skin, or darker skin that is native to India begun praising European like skin. The colorist view projected by society and the media leads to exploitation and the death of some who have subscribed to colorist ideals. Colorism can be found†¦show more content†¦If children can acknowledge these things subconsciously it is no shock that children with these views would turn into adults with similar views, subconscious or conscious. Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye explores the ps yche of a young girl that desires to have blue eyes and blonde hair like Shirley Temple so she too can be loved and have all the happiness young white girls have. Sharmila Devi’s research about the history of the desire for light skin reveals that, â€Å"†¦It was the same in South Africa, where in the 1950s black women bought lightening creams in the hope of enjoying the benefits of the white society they were excluded from, as in India, where marital success can depend on light-toned skin, and in Burma, where large posters still advertise such creams. Almost every big cosmetic company now sells some sort of lightening product.† The average Indian person is not as light-skinned as models, celebrities and Bollywood actresses. These instruments to the media are prized for their fair skin. Indian people from North India generally have lighter skin than those from South India because of the varying climates. Many sources claim that the fascination with lighter skin stemsShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Oppression In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye1474 Words   |  6 Pagestheory in mind, we are better able to understand some literature, including Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye. The Bluest Eye, written by Toni Morrison, is a novel about a young black girl named Pecola Breedlove. Pecola lives in a time where colorism (discrimination based on the lightness or darkness of skin) is rampant. Because of this, Pecola wants blue eyes. She believes that blue eyes will solve her problems and make her happy. Of course, this never happens, and eventually Pecola is drivenRead MoreThe Disease Known As Colorism2165 Words   |  9 Pages The Disease known as Colorism Justin Tyler Hampton University Abstract What defines who we are: is it where we come from, who our parents are, how much money we have, what we look like, or is it what we do with our lives? 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The subject matter of colorism can be greatly argued amongst the African-American culture. Because of the direct biased attitudes towards skin color there has been a manifestation of internal oppression within the Black race. According to the article, â€Å"The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality† (Hunter 2007), researchers confirme d that fair-skinned people have clear advantagesRead More Colorism: Creating a Racial Divide in the African American Community1920 Words   |  8 Pageswith more Caucasian features signified high status and beauty which was sought after by members of the African American community (Dibleck). In Zora Neale Hurstons novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the author uses Janie Crawford to depict how colorism affected African Americans on both sides of the skin color spectrum. By demonstrating the attitude society (mostly men) had towards skin color, the author displays the realities of being an African American in the early 1900s and the deep racialRead MoreAnalysis Of Marybeth Gasman And Ufuoma Abiola s Article Colorism870 Words   |  4 PagesBrief summary of main research question Marybeth Gasman and Ufuoma Abiola’s article Colorism Within the Historically Black Colleges and Universities it investigates the significant of color prejudice at HBCUs. This article examines the origins, manifestations and damaging results of colorism on black college campuses. In this article the authors are trying to find a way to solve the problem of colorism at HBCUs and create an environment where students can be success regardless of whether they areRead MoreEssay on Colorism: Black People and African American Community743 Words   |  3 PagesColorism is an issue amongst African Americans that is slowly disunifying the culture. The idea that is constantly reiterated in the African American community is that if you are light skinned you have a better job with more income, more successful, have more relationships, and are deemed less of a threat, essentially living the â€Å"best of both worlds†. If are darker skinned you are jobless or at a job that is not movin g you into the future, less successful, passed by a potential mate, and is labeled

Cpu Research Paper Free Essays

CPU: Past, Present,   â€Å"A CPU (central processing unit) is the â€Å"brain† of the computer; it follows the instructions of the software to manipulate data into information. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208) The CPU performs logic and arithmetic operations, controls instruction processing, and supervises the overall operation of the computer. We will write a custom essay sample on Cpu Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main components of the CPU are the CU (control unit) and the ALU (arithmetic/logic unit). (Dugger Gerrish, 1994, p. 78) The CPU also has registers which temporary store data during processing, and buses that act as roadways which transmit bits of data within the CPU and to other components on the motherboard. CPU: The control unit deciphers the instructions from the input and moves them into memory. For each instruction the CPU will fetch the instruction, decode the instruction, execute the instruction, and store the result. These four basic operations are known as a machine cycle. The control unit is therefore responsible in the CPU to instruct and control where the data goes to and what will happen to it. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208) ALU: The arithmetic/logic unit executes data that the control unit has sent to it. It performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The ALU also performs basic logic operations such as comparing two numbers to see if they are equal, less than, greater than, or not equal. (Dugger Gerrish, 1994, p. 581) Registers: â€Å"Registers are high-speed storage areas that temporarily store data during processing. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 209) The CPU contains several types of registers such as an instruction register, address register, storage register, and an accumulator register. These registers may store a program instruction, store data while being processed, or store the results of a calculation. Without the registers the control unit or arithmetic/logic unit could not complete their work. Buses: â€Å"A bus is a group of parallel conductors which carry information. † (â€Å"Microprocessors,† 1983, pp. 2-2) The conductors may be wires in a cable, foil patterns on a printed circuit board, or microscopic metal deposits in a silicon chip. Buses act as data roadways to get data from one place to another as needed. The term CPU/central processing unit has been in use since the 1960s. Nowadays, we are more familiar with the term microprocessors which are CPUs that are manufactured on integrated circuits in a single-chip package. However, before getting into today’s technology I will take a look at the past CPU technology. Past Exactly which computer was the first electronic computer completed in the United States is a controversial subject. Iowa State University claims that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer at ISU was completed in 1942 just before its creator was called up for duty in the war effort. (Munns) Another computer at the University of Pennsylvania which was funded by the military was completed in 1946 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. First Generation: Eckert and Mauchly’s invention was called the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, or as many now know it, as ENIAC. This first generation computer weighed 30 tons and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. ENIAC could do 5000 additions per second. Each specific sequence of calculations had to be hard-wired into the machine. To change programs, ENIAC had to be completely rewired. ENIAC is generally known as the first electronic computer in the United States. However, since ENIAC could not store a program it did not have, what we would call, a CPU. Dugger Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1945 John von Neumann created a design for a computer system. His design included four basic units for a computer: a CPU, an input device, an output device, and storage. (Dugger Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1946 John von Neumann joined with Eckert and Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania to create the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Comp uter (EDVAC). EDVAC was completed in 1949. It contained almost 6000 vacuum tubes and had 12,000 diodes. EDVAC covered 490 square feet of flooring and weighed almost 9 tons. It required thirty people to operate it. EDVAC is considered the first truly programmable electronic computer that included a central processing unit. No doubt the CPU was enormous, but still a recognizable CPU. (â€Å"EDVAC†) Second Generation: In 1954 Texas Instruments introduced the silicon transistor. This revolutionized computer technology and created the Second Generation of computers. Transistorized CPUs of the 1950’s and 60’s were no longer hampered by vacuum tubes and electrical relay. Second Generation computers were smaller, faster, more rugged, and more reliable. â€Å"With this improvement, more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several rinted circuit boards containing discrete transistor components. † (â€Å"Central Processing Unit†) Third Generation: The development of integrated circuits and their use in computers began in the mid 1960’s. This shift in technology brought about the Third Generation of computers which were faster, more reliable, cheaper to operate and much smaller. Throughout the advances in computer technology and electronics the CPU continued to become faster and smaller. Fourth Generation: In the early 1970’s, Ted Hoff at Intel invented the first microprocessor. Essentially, this was the first time that a complete processing unit was contained within a single chip and it revolutionized the way computers were applied and designed forever. This is where the Fourth Generation of computers was born. The Intel 4004 was a four bit device, measured 1/8 inch by 1/6 inch, and could execute 60,000 operations per second. (Dugger Gerrish, 1994, p. 574) By 1972 Intel had come out with an 8-bit microprocessor, the Intel 8008, and within a year had bettered it with the Intel 8080 which could execute about 290,000 operations per second. In 1979, Motorola developed a 16-bit microprocessor. The Motorola 68000 was very popular in the blossoming personal computer market. Around the same time Intel rolled out their 16-bit microprocessor; the Intel 8086. While other companies tried to compete in the microprocessor market, it was generally Intel and Motorola who were in the race to built smaller and better processors with each other. By the mid 80’s each had produced 32-bit microprocessors. Beyond: According to Moore’s Law, at our rate of technological development, the complexity of an integrated circuit will double in about 24 months. By the early 90’s, 64-bit microprocessors entered the market. Each succeeding processor is smaller and can produce data much faster. The 90’ saw Intel introduce its first Pentium chip and Motorola introduced their Power PC CPU. Throughout the 90’s Intel improved on its Pentium technology releashing the Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium MMX, and Pentium III. In the late 90’s AMD introduced their Athlon CPU. The Athlon worked at 800 MHz. In 2000, both Intel and AMD released 1 GHz microprocessors in the Pentium 4 and Athlon CPU. By 2002, Intel’s Pentium 4 reaches 3. 06 GHz. By 2006, both Intel and AMD introduce dual-core processors. 64-bit processors have been around for use in mainframes and supercomputers, but now 64-bit processors are being made for personal computers. Present Today’s main competitors for CPU’s in microprocessors are Intel and AMD. Motorola sold off their semiconductor manufacturing section to become Freescale, and has basically bowed out of the CPU race. CPU’s of today are extremely fast. The new Intel Core i7-980X Processor Extreme Edition released the beginning of 2010 has six cores, 12 threads, a max turbo speed of 3. GHz , a 12 MB Smart Cache, and a clock speed of 3. 33 GHz. (â€Å"Intel Processors,†) â€Å"The faster a CPU runs the more power it consumes and the more waste heat it produces. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 206) For that reason, rather than increasing clock speed, Intel and AMD have pursued using multi-core technology, which employs additional CPU cores and runs them in parallel. Dual, Quad , and multi-core processors are very popular today in CPUs for computers, games and other technology that needs a CPU. Future 128-bit microprocessors are still being developed. Some experts predict that advances in microprocessor technology will produce a 50 GHz processor by 2010, the kind of power that will be required to support such function as true speech interfaces and real-time speech translation† (Sawyer, p. 206) ClusterOnaChip (CoC) is a popular example of the future in CPU technology. Engineers are working on how to place thousands of more processors in a â€Å"cluster† on a single chip. IBM in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology has created a prototype silicon-germanium hetero-junction bipolar transistor able to operate at a speed of 500 GHz at 4. degrees Kelvin. At room temperature, the transistor achieves a speed of 350 GHz. â€Å"This demonstrates that speeds of half a trillion cycles per second can be achieved in a commercial, silicon-b ased technology, using large wafers and low-cost, silicon-compatible manufacturing techniques,† says John D. Cressler, Byers Professor at Georgia Tech’s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a researcher at the Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech. Our current technological knowledge is not good enough to produce the microprocessors and CPU’s of the future. We are limited by our current materials and in need of innovation to jump start us towards even smaller and faster CPU’s. One can only dream of the day when rather than having a bulky transistor made of silicon, we have processors that are scaled down to the size of an electron itself. Conclusion With Moore’s Law in mind, we can see that over the past decades we have certainly obeyed his law. From ENIAC to EDVAC, to transistors, to integrated circuits and single chip microprocessors, CPU technology has evolved and is still evolving to bring us the computers that e want and need. Further advances into CPU technology will allow us to compute faster and realize scientific discoveries that can change our world for the better. Our thirst for deep space exploration could become a reality. Medical research will be simplified. The possibilities are endless. References (1983). Microcomputer Basics. In Microprocessors (pp. 2-2). Benton Harbor, MI: Heath Company. Central Processin g Unit. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/central-processing-unit/history. html Dugger, W. E. , Gerrish, H. H. (1994). Electronics Technology: Devices and Circuits. South Holland, IL: Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. EDVAC. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/edvac/ Intel Processors. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. intel. com/products/processor_number/about. htm Munns, R. (n. d. ). First-Computer controversy finally nearing a conclusion. Retrieved from http://www. scl. ameslab. gov/abc/articles/first-computer. html Sawyer, W. (2010). Hardware: The CPU Storage. In Using Information Technology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. How to cite Cpu Research Paper, Essays

Strategic Management of BHP Billiton Limited †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management BHP Billiton Limited. Answer: Introduction: BHP Billiton has been one of the leading companies in the resource industry. It was formed with the merging of BHP and Billiton to bring an exceptional amalgamation of low-cost and high-quality resource assets. It is complemented by a very strong and effective team of management that is determined for the operation of the assets in an efficient manner. The report deals with the analysis of the internal environment of BHP Billiton which provides the insights into the capabilities and resources of the company (Barney Hesterly, 2015). BHP Billiton Limited is the world's biggest miner whose net profit is generated from the revenues of $820 billion and more on an average of six months. Another fact that is new for the world to know is that Arrium which is BlueScope Steel and ex-OneSteel were both a part of BHP. However, they were removed from the amalgamation in the year 2002 and 2000 respectively. BHP was almost taken over by an entrepreneur named Robert Holmes A Court in the year 1985 (Bettis, et al., 2015). It was saved from being taken over when a deal was made with the Elders IXL. Peter who was Robert's son is a co-owner of the team of NRL south Sydney Rabbitohs, along with Russell Crowe. Resources, Capabilities and Core Competencies As per Chen, Delmas Lieberman, Key performance indicators (KPI) have an important role in the measuring of the effectiveness of the business in relation to the identification, requirement and the strategic objectives. Determination of the success of the business and the activities of the business is not going to be clear and quantification of attainment of the goal is not possible without Key Performance Indicators (Chen, Delmas Lieberman, 2015). The first key performance indicators that matter for BHP Billiton are cost to acquire a customer, revenue per customer, and the lifetime value of a customer. The strength of BHP Billiton is that it is among the largest suppliers copper, silver, uranium, aluminium and lead. It leads the list of global producers of metallurgical coal, manganese and iron ore with Brazil, South Africa, and Australia. The company operates in Australia, South America, South Africa and the United States. The thermal coal generation by the section of the Energy Coal generates electric power for the concerns of the general industries. The weakness of BHP Billiton lies in the wide range of projects that it executes. The feasibility of all the projects has the probability of being a source of generation of revenue in a cost effective manner of execution of the projects. BHP Billiton can further operate on strengthening the brand position by the induction of the innovative solutions regarding marketing. The internal analysis of the company provides us with the insight so the policies, plans, and objectives of the company and in what manner they are obtained. The strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats associated with the company are understood through the internal environment analysis. According to Eden Ackermann, the global organizations have been transforming themselves completely in the in the age of information. BHP Billiton has the ability to exploit the assets that are intangible and this exploitation is turning out to be a better decision than the ability to regulate the tangible assets. BHP Billiton is expanding the operations of its business on the global platforms by implementing the balanced scorecard concept which is assisting it in complementing the analysis of the financial performance of the business (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The resources and the core competencies are the measuring criteria of the customers' perspectives, learning, and growth along with the internal business process. As per Freeman McVea, the resources of an organization denote to the human resource, physical resource, financial resource, and the information resources that are brought together in the orientation of the objectives of the organization for the accomplishments of the goals. The managers of any organizations are primarily responsible for the management and acquiring the resources in order to achieve the goals (Freeman McVea, 2015). The physical resources that BHP Billiton has are silver, zinc, lead mines in the Broken Hill near South Wales in Australia. The company also has an efficient and effective team of managers and employees to support it in its business without them BHP Billiton would not be able to make it far in the global market. Core competencies are the unique set of skills or technologies that are used by organizations to create a distinct customers value. The unique capabilities of the organization mainly refer to the personified in the collective knowledge of the individuals working in the organization along with organizational systems that have significant implications on the manner of the interaction of the employees (Frynas Mellahi, 2015). The core competencies of BHP Billiton change and adjust with the changes and developments of the company. The core competencies of BHP Billiton don do not remain rigid with time and the company can optimum utilization of the given resources and associated them to the new scope and opportunities provided by the environment. The resources of BHP Billiton are the inputs as the core competencies of the production process which include the capabilities associated with the skills used for the integration of the team of resources so that they can be utilized in a more efficient and effective manner (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The development of a Western Australian Iron Ore biodiversity strategy and the incorporation of the continual environment studies in its operation process along with state of the art infrastructure and machinery are considered to be among the core competencies of BHP Billiton. The core competencies of BHP Billiton includes the techniques that the company has developed in the Eagle Ford and the development plan that is called for the subsea wells that are connected via pipelines and monitoring and control umbilicals to the onshore gas plants. Theses infrastructures are much stable to be operated during the cyclonic storms and any kind of climatic and weather conditions (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2015). The capabilities of an organization are referred to the ability of the company to manage the resources such as the human resource in an efficient manner in order to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. The organizational capabilities of a company must be in orientation towards the ability of the company to meet the demands of the clients and the customers. The core competencies of BHO Billiton include the simplification of the portfolio, discipline regarding capital and productivity (Morden, 2016). VRIO Analysis: The VRIO analysis is performed in order to determine the conceptual framework of the strategic scheme of BHP Billiton. The primary objective of the conduction of such analysis is to determine the capability worth or resources of BHP Billiton. Value: As per Peteraf, Gamble Thompson Jr, the most important question that is raised if the ability of BHP Billiton is there to make most effective use of the resources available to it or does it make efforts to exploit and explore the opportunities. It also focuses on the inflicting threat that is posed to it regarding its position in the market. If the company is incapable of posing threat in the global market then it may lead to exposal of its weaknesses (Peteraf, Gamble Thompson Jr, 2014). In the context of BHP Billiton, the abundance of assets and resources is considered as the strengths in the industry of mining and other companies which are its competitors who might be considering themselves as threats in opposition to the capabilities of resources of BHP Billiton. Rarity: BHP Billiton is recognized as one of the mining companies which have the competitive advantage. This company does not have insufficiency of capabilities and resources. Thus, it has advantages from other competitors because of its huge range of resources and assets (Rothaermel, 2015). Immutability: The cases of compatibility are illustrated via the structure of the analysis which represents the internal environment of the BHO Billiton. This determines the sufficiency of costs disadvantage in aspects of the capabilities and resources in the procuring and development of resources and assets in comparison to the competitors (Simon, Fischbach Schoder, 2014). The mining companies such as the BHP Billiton have valuable and rich resources can be difficult to match for other global competitors so as to gain advantage. Organization: BHP Billiton after incorporating the concept rarity, value and immutability of the assets, capabilities, and resources has stepped into the next procedure to organize the company in an appropriate and efficient manner to make optimum use of the capabilities. Value chain analysis: The value chain analysis of BHP Billiton facilitates the physical representation of several processes for the BHP Billiton which involves mining and extraction of the raw materials and providing the conclusion the process by providing the final product known as the value chain. Primary activities: The Facilitation of the assortment of the inbound movements of metallurgical coal, minerals, manganese, iron and silver ore from the mining is site to site of manufacturing. Support activities: This procedure of procurement of the raw material like the silver extracts diamonds, metallurgical coal, manganese, and iron ore from the mining sites to the manufacturing units where the equipment and plants are situated (Stead Stead, 2013). The technical unit in collaboration with the processing unit is associated with pertaining equipment like software, technological and hardware knowledge which is presented by BHP Billiton in transforming the inputs into final products. The activities such as finance and accounting control the quality and public relations support BHP Billiton. Margin: Margin is basically the difference between the products selling price to its production price. In other way it can be said that its the ratio between companys revenues and expenses. Coming to BHP Billiton, keeping track on margin is very necessary because it will show that company is profitable or not (Stead Stead, 2013). Culture: The corporate culture denotes to the ideas and beliefs that the Company has and the manner in which these affect the process of business and the behaviour of the employees. BHP Billiton works towards the supremacy and initiatives in promoting a culture that honours and values the high moral principles, business and individual admiration and integrity for others. ICEBERG analogy As per ICEBERG analogy, Culture is divided into 2 parts named as internal unconscious part and external conscious part (Bayne, 2015). External conscious part represents those things which can be seen physically. Some of the examples are dance, art, music, dressing sense, language, behaviour towards employers. But on the other hand internal conscious part represents which cant be seen physically such as beliefs, values, motivations, social rules etc. (Bayne, 2015). Strategic issues in management: Uncertainty: It can be denoted as an issue in the daily business. It is comprehensive as the individual incapability to predict some aspects in precise. The managers need to deal with various kinds of uncertainty in the world of fluctuating market (Teece Shuen, 2016, May). The organizations face ambiguity in the environment of the organization macro-economic form, social, technological, environmental and political limitations in which the functioning of BHP Billiton is taking place. Complexity: It determines the factors which have to be considered by BHP Billiton while preparing the strategies. The major strategic issue in business is the primary alteration in the regulations than the expectations. Conclusion: Rapid globalization, growing and accelerating innovation and competition associate to the complexities, ambiguity, and volatility of the company. BHP Billiton requires more approaches to confronting the barriers of intricacy in business which should be based on the strategic planning. Internal analysis helps to find out the companys cost position, competitive nature and competency in the market place. Conducting internal analysis helps to provide useful information about the organisation. By examining the mineral and developing the business is a risky task even if the BHP Company is huge though it has support from the government. The litigation fee for the oil spill can charge them with the indefinite costs along with the clearing costs when there is a change in the demand of the customer is affecting the commodity prices because of which the income ways of BHP will become unstable. Hence, as a result, the BHP should formulate the strategies in such a way that the management will not face any risk in the future with respect to the competitive advantage and the current issues. References Barney, J. B., Hesterly, W. (2015).Strategic management and competitive advantage concepts and cases. Pearson. Bettis, R. A., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C., Mitchell, W. (2015). Qualitative empirical research in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), 637-639. Bayne, K. (2015). Identifying Cultural Influences on Language Teaching-Learning Materials Through the IcebergAnalogy. Chen, C. M., Delmas, M. A., Lieberman, M. B. (2015). Production frontier methodologies and efficiency as a performance measure in strategic management research.Strategic Management Journal,36(1), 19-36. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Freeman, R. E., McVea, J. A. (2015). A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management (No. 01-02). Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2015). Strategic management: Concepts: Competitiveness and globalization, chapter 3-The internal organization: Resources, capabilities, core competencies and competitive advantages.South Melbourne: South-Western Cengage Learning. Morden, T. (2016).Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Thompson Jr, A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Simon, D., Fischbach, K., Schoder, D. (2014). Enterprise architecture management and its role in corporate strategic management.Information Systems and e-Business Management,12(1), 5-42. Stead, J. G., Stead, W. E. (2013).Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Teece, D. J., Shuen, A. (2016, May). Dynamic Capabilities and Their Microfoundations: Implications for Strategic Management. InSMS 30th Annual Conference. Rome.